Friday, February 3, 2012

On Labeling: Clients, Consumers, Patients, and other People are all Participants

 You've been helping for awhile. Depending on the system you work in, you find yourself calling the people who receive your services clients, consumers, patients, veterans, residents, or some other label that means, essentially, 'receiver of services'.

Nifty. Good for you. It's useful to have a label to hang on the people we help that distinguishes them from, well, us. When I started this blog, I consciously decided not to use any of these labels. It led to some interesting (and clunky) wording choices as I had to constantly use a phrase ('people we help' or some variation) where more typical usage is a word.

In my view, and in the view of many helping professionals, each of the common words we use to describe the people who use the services we offer have a couple of common flaws: They carry an (implicit) assumption that the people we help are passive users of services, and as an outgrowth of that assumption, they assume a hierarchy of power with the person being helped firmly placed at the bottom.

'Patient' comes from the medical world and is the oldest version of these. Patients are inherently less able to help themselves than the professionals that 'cure' them in the medical model.

'Client' comes from the legal world. A lawyer's client sits back and the lawyer does all the work with the client as a passive recipient of services.

'Consumer' (or customer) comes from the business world. Again, while a producer creates something, a consumer is a passive 'chooser' of services.

'Resident' is a special situation, used when the services offered a person include (voluntary or involuntary) housing. It is more existential from the rest, but just as passive. All a resident has to do is exist to meet the definition.

And 'people who receive services' is clunky and long and also passive, even though it has the advantage of putting people first.

Do words matter, really? Absolutely they do. The labels we place on others and on ourselves matter both to us and to the people we hang them on. When I call myself a homeowner, rather than a resident, I am saying something very different about my relationship to the house I live in. When I call myself a woman, and not a lady, I say very different things about my expectations of the impact of my gender.

So if all those labels we've been using all these years (decades) simply won't do, what should we use instead, and why?

Try on the label 'participant' for size. Let's look at it from a couple of different angles. The word is an active one. A participant actively does something. How does that subtly change our expectations of the person we are working with?

The word 'participant' applies equally to the person helping and the person receiving help, and doesn't assume a 'top-down' perspective. This leaves open some amazing possibilities. Could we, in our participation in helping, learn something and gain something from the other participant? Could this be a truly dynamic, at times reciprocal relationship with no clearly defined hierarchy? Wow!

Try it on for size. Take a week and consciously change the labels you use in your conversations, your notes, your meetings, and your helping interactions. At the end of the week ask yourself how it felt? How did it change your interactions, your thoughts about people, your documentation? Is it easier to see a 'participant' as a member of the treatment team than a 'consumer'?

Let me know how it went for you, and if you like the way it went, spread the word. The world needs a whole lot more participants and a lot less passive people, don't you think?


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Monday, August 8, 2011

Overextended

 It is with sadness that I must admit that I am over extended and need to cut back significantly on my obligations. I am not ending this blog, but I don't expect to update it more than once a month for the time being. I will not be taking down articles here. They are free for the taking.

Thank you for your time and attention.

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Wednesday, July 20, 2011

How to Help People Stay Safe In the Heat

Right now in North America (mid July, 2011), nearly the entire continent is gripped in a heat wave, including parts of the country that don't often have to deal with deadly heat. 'Deadly' is no joke. Both heat and cold can be deadly when combined with poverty and/or exposure, but heat is the quicker of the two and harder to escape.

If you work in social services, even as a receptionist or data collector, you almost certainly have some people coming to you for help who are homeless, or who have no fans or air conditioners at their homes. Some may not even have electricity. It can be life or death to ask the question 'do you have a way to keep cool when you leave here?'

So ask it. Every time. 'Do you have a way to keep cool when you leave here?'

Listen not only to the answer, but the tone of the answer. Remember that it is human nature to 'not want to be any trouble', and some people will deny that they have a problem whether or not they do. Try to gently help without contradicting in those cases, wherever you can.

Here are some specific things you or your agency can do to help people survive deadly heat:

Make up a resource list of hot weather resources, including agencies that give out fans and/or air conditioners, 'cooling centers' where people can hang out in hot weather, and places where water is handed out. Add tips to stay cool at home (some are listed below), and instructions as to how to identify heat exhaustion and heat stroke. As each person leaves your agency, give them a copy.

Hand out water to everyone who comes through the door, either bottled or through cups and a fountain. If you have the ability, make sure they leave with water in hand.

Look for movie matinee and museum deals. A cool movie theater or museum is a time honored way to escape the heat. If your agency has the cash or can work a partnership, free or reduced tickets might be a good idea.

Use a cheap (even styrofoam) cooler filled with ice or ice water with a fan blowing over it to cool a small area (such as the chair or couch where you sit).

A pan of cool water and a wash cloth can be used to re-wet skin repeatedly. The water evaporating off the skin will help cool the person.

Cover all south and west facing windows in a home without air conditioning with insulated curtains or a comforter or even cardboard or newspaper in the heat. Covering the window will minimize additional heat from the sun and keep the space cooler.

Heat exhaustion is a serious medical issue. The symptoms include sweating much more than is normal, muscle weakness, nausea and/or vomiting, headache, lightheadedness, and muscle cramps. If you have these symptoms, stop any activity that might be heating your body, and cool your body down, either by going to a cooler place (if possible) or by using water to cool your body. In either case, drink lots of water. If heat exhaustion isn't dealt with properly, it can lead to heat stroke.

Heat stroke is a life threatening medical condition. It means your body's cooling system has simply stopped working. Call 911 immediately for the following symptoms: high body temperature, the absence of sweating, with hot red or flushed dry skin, rapid pulse, difficulty breathing, strange behavior, hallucinations, confusion, agitation, disorientation, seizure, and/or coma.

As a social service worker, paying attention is critical to preventing heat related illness. Several populations you work with are likely to be especially vulnerable. These include the elderly, children, people who are addicted to drugs and/or alcohol (particularly those who are currently using, as impaired judgment may make them minimize the dangers of heat), and those with mental illnesses.

When to intervene:

For the purposes of safety, a person's deliberate failure to protect him or herself from heat related illness due to incapacity or impaired judgment can be a reason for a mental health intervention at the inpatient level. The key question to ask yourself: 'Is the person in imminent danger of harm if I don't act.' Imminent is the important word here. It means 'right now'. If I don't act, is the person in danger right now (or as soon as I am gone).

An example of someone in imminent danger of harm would be someone who wears multiple layers of clothes (often a symptom of mental illness) who is outdoors in 90 degree (F) or higher heat and refuses to come indoors or to accept water, or for whom water is not reducing symptoms of heat exhaustion. Under these conditions, this person can rapidly move from heat exhaustion to heat stroke, and die.

Calling an ambulance is completely appropriate at these times, and following your agency's policies for inpatient commitment might also be appropriate. Talk to your supervisor to be sure.










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Monday, July 11, 2011

What To Do When Accused of Discrimination By a Client

Dear JHP: I just got accused of discriminating against a client. What do I do?

(I do not pretend to give legal advice. This is customer service advice only.  If you are already at the point where a law suit or termination is looking possible, get help from an attorney)

Before I can answer your question, I need to ask a question of my own.

Tuesday, June 28, 2011

The Right Way to Hand Off the Person You're Helping

In your helping career you will find that many people will ask you for a kind of help you don't or can't offer. In these cases, the most important way you can help the person in front of you is to make sure that he or she gets to the right person at the right place and time in the right frame of mind to get the help he or she needs. You don't want to waste the time of the person you're trying to help or of the agency or department you are sending him or her to.

Tuesday, June 21, 2011

WART: One Simple Step to Identify Possible Addictions

cc Bizarro Joe @ Flickr
With. Addiction. Repeated. Troubles.

Mental health and substance abuse counselors have an array of assessments available to determine the type, severity, and course of a person's addiction or dependence to a substance or behavior. These are usually administered when a person is admitted into a program or when there is a big change in a person's life that affects his or her mental health. Counselors might also screen when they suspect addiction but have no solid evidence.

Friday, June 17, 2011

Helping Substance Abusers: How Do I 'Do' Harm Reduction?

Harm reduction isn't a new concept, but it is one that is often unfamiliar to people who are not professional substance abuse or mental health counselors. Often, volunteers and front line staff who begin a job working in a program for people with addictions have never heard of it before. For them, two main questions almost immediately arise: 1) What is harm reduction and 2) What does it mean for me in my job? This article will attempt to answer both questions
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